职业行为准则

规则1.11:连续的政府和私人就业

(a) A 澳门赌场官网 shall not accept other employment in connection with a matter which is the same as, 或实质上与…相关, a matter in which the 澳门赌场官网 participated personally and substantially as a public officer or employee. 这种参与包括以司法或其他裁判身份就某一事项的是非曲直采取行动.
   (b)如果澳门赌场官网因个人和实质性参与某一事项而根据(a)款被要求拒绝或退出雇佣, 没有那个澳门赌场官网的合伙人或同事, or 澳门赌场官网 with an of counsel relationship to that 澳门赌场官网, may knowingly accept or continue such employment except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) below. 如果唯一的参与形式是作为司法法律书记员，则不适用取消此类其他澳门赌场官网资格的规定.
   (c)如果个人被取消资格的澳门赌场官网及时被排除在任何形式参与案件或代理案件之外，(b)款所述的禁令将不适用, 也不能分享由此产生的任何费用, and if the requirements of paragraphs (d) and (e) are satisfied.
   (d) (e)段规定的除外, 当任何澳门赌场官网, 澳门赌场官网, 合作伙伴, 根据第(a)段个人被取消资格的澳门赌场官网的合伙人接受与导致个人被取消资格的事项有关的工作, 须提交下列通知:
      (1)被个人取消资格的澳门赌场官网应向其以前受雇的公共部门或机构提交一份签署的文件，并向有关诉讼的双方当事人送达一份文件，证明在被取消资格期间，被个人取消资格的澳门赌场官网将不以任何方式参与该事项或代理, will not discuss the matter or the representation with any 合作伙伴, 联系, 澳门赌场官网，澳门赌场官网, and will not share in any fees for the matter or the representation.
      (2)至少一名附属澳门赌场官网应向同一部门或机构提交并向同一当事人送达一份签署的文件，证明所有附属澳门赌场官网都了解筛选个人不合格澳门赌场官网参与或讨论该事项或代理的要求，并描述筛选个人不合格澳门赌场官网所采取的程序.
   (e)如果客户以书面形式要求不通过提交(d)段所述的签署声明来披露受(d)段约束的陈述的事实和标的, 这种陈述应在进行陈述的同时编写，并加盖公章送交纪律澳门赌场官网存档. 在此之后的任何时间，该陈述的事实和主题向公众披露或成为公共记录的一部分, the signed statements previously prepared shall be promptly submitted as required by paragraph (d).
   (f) Signed documents filed pursuant to paragraph (d) shall be available to the public, 除非澳门赌场官网提交已签署的文件，证明接受该文件的公共部门或机构满意，公开披露不符合规则1.6或其他适用法律.
   (g) This rule applies to any matter involving a specific party or parties.
   (h)参加规则1所述的哥伦比亚特区总检察长办公室临时服务方案的澳门赌场官网.10(e) shall be treated as having served as a public officer or employee for purposes of paragraph (a), (b)至(e)款的规定应适用于该澳门赌场官网及其附属澳门赌场官网.

评论

   [1] This rule deals with 澳门赌场官网s who leave public office and enter other employment. It applies to judges and their law clerks as well as to 澳门赌场官网s who act in other capacities. 这是规则1的对应项.9, as applied to an individual former government 澳门赌场官网, and of 规则1.10，适用于澳门赌场官网事务所.
   [2]代表政府机构的澳门赌场官网, whether employed or specially retained by the government, 是否受《澳门赌场官网》的约束, including the prohibition against representing adverse interests stated in 规则1.7 and the protections afforded former clients in 规则1.9. In addition, such a 澳门赌场官网 is subject to this 规则1.11 and to statutes and government regulations concerning conflict of interest. In the District of Columbia, where there are many 澳门赌场官网s for the federal and D.C. 政府及其机构, a number of whom are constantly leaving government and accepting other employment, particular heed must be paid to the federal conflict-of-interest statutes.看,e.g.,18 U.S.C. Chapter 11 and regulations and opinions thereunder.
   [3]规则1.11, (a)段, flatly forbids a 澳门赌场官网 to accept other employment in a matter in which the 澳门赌场官网 participated personally and substantially as a public officer or employee; participation specifically includes acting on a matter in a judicial capacity. 除本规则注释[10]中指出的情况外, there is no provision for waiver of the individual 澳门赌场官网’s disqualification. “事项”在第(g)款中定义为仅包括特定一方或多方特有的事项. 制定具有普遍适用性的规则和制定一般政策通常不属于规则1所指的“事项”.11. When a 澳门赌场官网 is forbidden by paragraph (a) to accept private employment in a matter, the 合作伙伴s and 联系s of that 澳门赌场官网 are likewise forbidden, 按(b)段, 除非遵循(c)至(f)段所述的筛选和披露程序，否则不得接受雇用.
   [4]该规则禁止澳门赌场官网接受与他们在担任公职人员或雇员期间亲自参与或实质性参与的事务相同或“实质性相关”的其他工作. 在前政府雇员的背景下定义“实质性相关”事项的主要案例是 布朗诉. 哥伦比亚特区分区调整委员会， 486 A.2d 37 (D.C. 1984) (在银). 这是D.C. 上诉法院， 银, 在"旋转门"的背景下, a showing that a reasonable person could infer that, through participation in one matter as a public officer or employee, the former government 澳门赌场官网 “may have had access to information legally relevant to, or otherwise useful in” a subsequent representation, is 初步 evidence that the two matters are substantially related. 如果这 初步 显示已完成, 前政府澳门赌场官网必须通过证明澳门赌场官网“在第一次代理期间不可能获得可能在以后的代理中有用的信息”来反驳任何道德上的不当行为.” Id. at 49-50. In 棕色（的）， the Court of Appeals announced the “substantially related” test after concluding that, 根据前DR 9-101(B), 看到 《澳门赌场官网》，445 A.2d 615 (D.C. 1982) (在银) (由法院所定), “事项”一词的本意是包括所有彼此“实质相关”的事项——这是一种源自私人当事人之间“换边”诉讼的检验. 看到 规则1.9、评注[2]、[3]; 棕色（的）， 486 A.2d在39-40北纬. 1, 41-42 & n. 4. 相应的, 第(a)款中的“或实质上与之有关”一词是对司法解释的明确说明 棕色（的） 解释“物质.”
  [5]第(a)款绝对取消澳门赌场官网参与其亲自参与的事务的资格，实质上是在执行一项政策，即避免实际的不当行为和表面上的不当行为，该政策在联邦利益冲突法规和前《澳门赌场官网》中有所表述. 第(c)段要求对被取消资格的澳门赌场官网进行筛选，作为允许被取消资格的澳门赌场官网事务所的任何澳门赌场官网参与该事项的条件. 允许这一程序是为了避免对澳门赌场官网进入公共服务部门造成严重的威慑. 各国政府发现，拥有不打算将整个职业生涯奉献给公共服务的更年轻、更有经验的澳门赌场官网对它们有利. Some 澳门赌场官网s might not enter into short-term public service if they thought that, as a result of their active governmental practice, 公司会犹豫是否要雇佣他们，因为他们担心整个公司会因此失去参与事务的资格.
   [6]在司法法律书记员的情况下，没有推定的不合格，因此没有筛选要求. 但这些书记员有个人义务不参与(a)款范围内的事项。, since participation by a law clerk is within the term “judicial or other adjudicative capacity.”
   [7] (d)款规定了另一项要求，在被取消资格的澳门赌场官网的附属澳门赌场官网参加代理之前，必须满足这一要求. Except to the extent that the exception in paragraph (e) is satisfied, 个人被取消资格的澳门赌场官网和至少一名关联澳门赌场官网必须向代理机构提交签署的文件，基本上说明个人被取消资格的澳门赌场官网将被排除在该事项之外. 被个人取消资格的澳门赌场官网还必须声明，该澳门赌场官网将不分享为所涉代理支付的任何费用. 附属澳门赌场官网必须描述应遵循的程序，以确保有效筛选个人不合格的澳门赌场官网.
   [8] Paragraph (e) makes it clear that the 澳门赌场官网’s duty, under 规则1.6, 为维护客户的机密，可排除提交第(d)段所要求的任何通知。. 如果客户以书面形式要求不披露陈述的事实和主题, 澳门赌场官网必须答应那项要求. 如果客户提出这样的要求, 澳门赌场官网必须遵守委托人的意愿，直到代理的事实和标的通过其他方式公开为止, 比如公开备案. Filing a pleading or making an appearance in a proceeding before a tribunal constitutes a public filing. Once information concerning the representation is public, the notifications called for must be made promptly, and the 澳门赌场官网s involved may not honor a client request not to make the notifications. 如果一个政府机构在该机构之前采用了由前政府雇员制定的规范行为的规则, members of the District of Columbia 酒吧 are not exempted by 规则1.11(e) from any additional or more restrictive notice requirements that the agency may impose. Thus the agency may require filing of notifications whether or not a client consents. While the 澳门赌场官网 cannot file a notification that the client has directed the 澳门赌场官网 not to file, 未按照代理规则提出申请的，澳门赌场官网在代理机构面前不能代表委托人. Such issues are governed by the agency’s rules, and 规则1.11(e) is not intended to displace such agency requirements.
   [9]虽然(e)款禁止澳门赌场官网在客户书面要求保密的情况下披露代理的事实和主题, 该段要求澳门赌场官网在代理开始后立即准备(d)段所述的文件，并保存这些文件，以便在客户同意提交文件或信息公开时可能提交给代理机构和任何相关诉讼的各方.
   [10]“其他工作,，如本条第(a)款所使用, 包括该澳门赌场官网作为公职人员或雇员受雇的政府机构以外的政府机构的代表, 但在从一个政府机构转到另一个政府机构的情况下，(a)款规定的禁令可由澳门赌场官网以前受雇于的政府机构豁免. 如(a)段所使用, 澳门赌场官网离开某一特定政府机构而受雇于另一政府机构，这不是其他职业.g., (司法部)或与私人澳门赌场官网事务所合作，以继续或接受该澳门赌场官网以前受雇于的同一政府机构的代理.
   [11] (c)款不禁止澳门赌场官网获得事先独立协议规定的工资或合伙份额. 它禁止以任何方式将澳门赌场官网的报酬与澳门赌场官网被取消资格的事项的费用直接联系起来. 看到 D.C. 澳门赌场官网协会法律道德委员会意见.
   [12]规则1.10(e) provides an exception to the general imputation imposed by 规则1.10(a)临时协助哥伦比亚特区总检察长办公室的澳门赌场官网. 规则1.10(e)规定，提供这种临时助理的澳门赌场官网在临时助理期间不被视为隶属于其澳门赌场官网事务所. 然而, 参与此类临时援助项目的澳门赌场官网有可能产生利益冲突或滥用参与此类项目时获得的信息. 对参加临时援助计划的澳门赌场官网适用(a)至(g)段对前政府雇员规定的同样规则是适当的. (h)段影响这一结果.
   [13]除了伦理问题之外, 利益冲突法规或规章的规定可能会对澳门赌场官网在向哥伦比亚特区检察官办公室提供协助期间或完成此类任务返回后的行为施加限制. 看,e.g., 18 U.S.C. §' 207, 208. 遵守《澳门赌场官方软件》并不一定意味着遵守利益冲突法规或条例所规定的所有义务.